penicillamine disulfide profile

penicillamine disulfide: penicillamine metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	258527
CHEBI ID	185942
SCHEMBL ID	2875767
MeSH ID	M0110118

Synonym
penicillamine disulfide
nsc-87505
nsc87505
2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethyldisulfanyl)-3-methyl-butyric acid
2-amino-3-[(2-amino-3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-propyl)disulfanyl]-3-methyl-butanoic acid
NCIOPEN2_005362
CHEBI:185942
312-10-7
2-amino-3-[(1-amino-1-carboxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)disulanyl]-3-methylbutanoic acid
2218j7ai50 ,
valine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
unii-2218j7ai50
FT-0638064
d-valine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
SCHEMBL2875767
cystine, 3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-
valine, 3,3'-dithiodi-
penicillamine disulfide, (+/-)-
21174-80-1
penicillamine disulfide dl-form [mi]
AKOS024370915
POYPKGFSZHXASD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3,3'-dithiobis(2-amino-3-methylbutyric acid)
3,3'-dithiobis(2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid)
3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid)
l-penicillamine disulfide (disulfide bond)
(+/-)-penicillamine disulfide
Q27253594
2-amino-3-[(1-amino-1-carboxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)disulfanyl]-3-methylbutanoic acid

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Penicillamine disulfides have been analysed by automatic amino acid analysis. "	( Methods for assaying D-penicillamine in a clinical setting. Crawhall, JC, 1984)	1.71

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The pharmacokinetic disposition of D-penicillamine and its major metabolites, penicillamine cysteine disulfide ( PSSC ) and penicillamine disulfide ( PSSP ) has been studied in eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis."	( Pharmacokinetics of the major metabolites of D-penicillamine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Butler, M; Carruthers, G; Freeman, D; Harth, M; Rothwell, R; Weir, D, 1984)	0.47

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" With patients on established penicillamine regimes, the concentration of free penicillamine in the plasma has been found to vary between 4 and 20 microM depending on dosage and time of administration."	( Methods for assaying D-penicillamine in a clinical setting. Crawhall, JC, 1984)	0.27

Class	Description
valine derivative	An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of valine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing valine residues.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10 (58.82)	18.7374
1990's	4 (23.53)	18.2507
2000's	2 (11.76)	29.6817
2010's	1 (5.88)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (5.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	3 (16.67%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	14 (77.78%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.	1.97	1	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	1.96	1	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	5.27	17	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	1.94	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.03	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	1.94	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	3.07	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	1.99	1	organic molecular entity
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	1.98	1	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.03	1	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.38	2	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	2.01	1	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillamine cysteine disulfide penicillamine cysteine disulfide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6881	3.21	6
cystine [no description available]	2.37	2
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.01	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	8.35	7	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
technetium tc 99m gluconate [no description available]	1.99	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	2.87	4
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.03	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.03	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	3.98	5
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.98	5
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	1.96	1
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	1.96	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	1.98	1
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	1.98	1
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	1.98	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	1.98	1
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	1.98	1
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	2.89	1
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	2.89	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	1.96	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	1.96	1

penicillamine disulfide

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Synonyms (29)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Pharmacokinetics

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (17)

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Research Demand Index: 18.82

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