| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
benzene
[no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent |
choline
[no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cholines | allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | fluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite |
n(1)-methylnicotinamide
N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion | algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor |
huperzine a
huperzine A: RN given refers to 5R-(5alpha,9beta,11E)-isomer; structure given in first source. huperzine A : A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | quinolone | |
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | acridines;
aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
decamethonium
decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | muscle relaxant;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion | antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor |
huprine x
huprine X: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | | |
velnacrine
velnacrine: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/88; structure in first source; potential Alzheimer's disease drug but trial halted due to abnormal liver tests | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acridines | |
3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium
3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium : An organic cation that is phenothiazin-5-ium substituted by dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 7. The chloride salt is the histological dye 'methylene blue'. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion | fluorochrome;
intercalator |
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine | algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 4.24 | 18 | 0 | acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
paraoxon
[no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite |
ferrocin c
N-methyl-2-quinolone: structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | | |
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines | |
phenyltrimethylammonium
phenyltrimethylammonium: d9-cpd suppresses methylation artifacts in gas chromatography of serum extracts; RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethylphenylammonium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of N,N-dimethylaniline. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
thioflavin t
thioflavin T cation : A benzothiazolium ion obtained by methylation of the thiazole nitrogen of 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole; the cationic component of thioflavin T. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazolium ion | |
1-methylquinolinium
1-methylquinolinium: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | | |
n-methylisoquinolinium
N-methylisoquinolinium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | | |
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom | |
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | chromium group element atom;
metal allergen | micronutrient |
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
iodine
[no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | halide anion;
monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
territrem b
territrem B: tremorgenic mycotoxin from Aspergillus terreus; RN given refers to (4aR-(4aalpha,6abeta,12aalpha,12bbeta))-isomer | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | | |
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone | carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite |
10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine
10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | | |
Dihydrotanshinone I
dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | abietane diterpenoid | anticoronaviral agent |
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |