gallium maltolate

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

gallium maltolate: has antineoplastic activity [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	9846339
MeSH ID	M0501003

Synonyms (11)

Synonym
gallium maltolate
gallium, tris(3-(hydroxy-.kappa.o)-2-methyl-4h-pyran-4-onato-.kappa.o4)-, (oc-6-21)-
108560-70-9
gallium maltolate [inci]
17LEI49C2G ,
ASYYOZSDALANRF-UHFFFAOYSA-K
DB05420
gallium tris(2-methyl-4-oxo-4h-pyran-3-olate)
B2699-054157
gallium;2-methyl-4-oxopyran-3-olate
3-bis[(2-methyl-4-oxopyran-3-yl)oxy]gallanyloxy-2-methylpyran-4-one

Research Excerpts

Actions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Gallium maltolate produced an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) within 2 h of incubation with cells; this effect could be blocked by mitoquinone, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant."	( Development of gallium compounds for treatment of lymphoma: gallium maltolate, a novel hydroxypyrone gallium compound, induces apoptosis and circumvents lymphoma cell resistance to gallium nitrate. Chitambar, CR; Purpi, DP; Wereley, JP; Woodliff, J; Yang, M, 2007)	1.3

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Mean elimination half-life was 32."	( Pharmacokinetics of an orally administered methylcellulose formulation of gallium maltolate in neonatal foals. Arnold, CE; Bernstein, LR; Chaffin, MK; Cohen, ND; Fajt, V; Martens, RJ; O'Conor, M; Taylor, RJ, 2010)	0.59
" Pharmacokinetic models were selected on the basis of the Akaike information criterion and visual analysis of plots of residuals."	( Pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate after intragastric administration in adult horses. Arnold, C; Bernstein, LR; Chaffin, MK; Cohen, N; Fajt, VR; Taylor, RJ, 2010)	0.68
" Noncompartmental analysis was used to determine individual pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate after intragastric administration in adult horses. Arnold, C; Bernstein, LR; Chaffin, MK; Cohen, N; Fajt, VR; Taylor, RJ, 2010)	0.68
"03]; but half-life (59."	( Pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate in Lawsonia intracellularis-infected and uninfected rabbits. Alcorn, J; Allen, AL; Ball, KR; Bernstein, LR; Clark, CR; Dowling, PM; Gebhart, CJ; Hamilton, DL; Mapes, S; Pusterla, N; Sampieri, F; Thompson, J; Vannucci, FA, 2014)	0.73

Bioavailability

Gallium maltolate (GaM) provides significant gallium bioavailability to people and mice following oral administration and to neonatal foals following intragastric administration. Previous studies indicate that oral Gallium Maltolate would provide a higher bioavailability than oral Ga salts.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Gallium maltolate (GaM) provides significant gallium bioavailability to people and mice following oral administration and to neonatal foals following intragastric administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of an orally administered methylcellulose formulation of gallium maltolate in neonatal foals. Arnold, CE; Bernstein, LR; Chaffin, MK; Cohen, ND; Fajt, V; Martens, RJ; O'Conor, M; Taylor, RJ, 2010)	1.5
"Further studies are necessary to determine the bioavailability of GaM after intragastric administration in adult horses."	( Pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate after intragastric administration in adult horses. Arnold, C; Bernstein, LR; Chaffin, MK; Cohen, N; Fajt, VR; Taylor, RJ, 2010)	0.68
" Previous studies indicate that oral gallium maltolate (GaM) would provide a higher bioavailability than oral Ga salts."	( Reduction in absorption of gallium maltolate in adult horses following oral administration with food: chemistry and pharmacokinetics. Dean, A; Di Marco, V; Marton, D; Pepe, M; Pollina, GF, 2013)	0.96

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In conclusion, although infection reduces IT [Ga] and [Fe], a 48 h GaM dosing interval is appropriate for multidose studies in EPE rabbits."	( Pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate in Lawsonia intracellularis-infected and uninfected rabbits. Alcorn, J; Allen, AL; Ball, KR; Bernstein, LR; Clark, CR; Dowling, PM; Gebhart, CJ; Hamilton, DL; Mapes, S; Pusterla, N; Sampieri, F; Thompson, J; Vannucci, FA, 2014)	0.73

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (30)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	3 (10.00)	29.6817
2010's	22 (73.33)	24.3611
2020's	5 (16.67)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 38.23

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	38.23 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.58 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.78 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	50.99 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (38.23)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (6.06%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (6.06%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	29 (87.88%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	2.11	1	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	7.31	1
maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure	2.11	1	4-pyranones	metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.05	1	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
gallium nitrate gallium nitrate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.98	4
bortezomib [no description available]	2.05	1	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.05	1
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	3.31	6	boron group element atom
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	7.05	1
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.25	1	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.6	1
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.6	1
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	2.78	3
Equine Diseases [description not available]	3.48	7
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	2.78	3
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.69	2
Injuries, Leg [description not available]	2.25	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.69	2
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	7.31	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.22	5
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.17	1
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	7.17	1
Frambesia [description not available]	2.21	1
Yaws A systemic non-venereal infection of the tropics caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM subspecies pertenue.	7.21	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.08	1
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	2.08	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.08	1
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	2.08	1
Bilophila Infections [description not available]	2.5	2
Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.	2.1	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.11	1
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.11	1
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	7.11	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.11	1
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.	2.11	1
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	2.05	1
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.05	1
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	2.05	1
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	2.05	1
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	2.05	1
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	2.05	1
Actinomycetales Infections Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.	2.75	3
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	2.05	1
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	7.06	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.06	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.06	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.06	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.07	1
Postherpetic Neuralgia [description not available]	7.07	1
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	2.07	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.07	1
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	2.07	1
Neuralgia, Postherpetic Pain in nerves, frequently involving facial SKIN, resulting from the activation the latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). The two forms of the condition preceding the pain are HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS; and HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. Following the healing of the rashes and blisters, the pain sometimes persists.	2.07	1
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.03	1
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	7.03	1

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