Compounds > dexamisole
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

dexamisole

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Dexamisole is an antiparasitic drug that acts as an anthelmintic. It is a synthetic derivative of the naturally occurring compound tetramisole. Dexamisole is a racemate, meaning it is a mixture of two enantiomers (mirror images) with different pharmacological activities. The levorotatory enantiomer, levamisole, is more potent as an anthelmintic than the dextrorotatory enantiomer. Dexamisole was originally developed for the treatment of parasitic infections in animals, but it has also been used to treat parasitic infections in humans. Dexamisole has also been studied for its potential immunomodulatory effects, and it has been shown to enhance the immune response in both animals and humans. Dexamisole is a non-selective immune stimulator, meaning it can activate multiple immune cells and pathways. It is thought to work by increasing the production of cytokines, which are signaling molecules that regulate the immune system. Dexamisole has been studied as a potential treatment for a variety of conditions, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. However, its use in humans is limited by its potential for adverse effects, including hematological toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity.'

dexamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has R configuration. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID66374
CHEMBL ID1369896
CHEBI ID77282
SCHEMBL ID123414
MeSH IDM0090734

Synonyms (42)

Synonym
D03708
dexamisole (usan/inn)
14769-74-5
NCGC00016722-01
lopac-t-1512
NCGC00016722-02
NCGC00015620-01
NCGC00015620-02
cas-16595-80-5
cas-16595-80-5-batch2
lopac-l-9756
dexamisole
(6r)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole
dexamisol [inn-spanish]
dexamisolum [inn-latin]
umh46v5u01 ,
dexamisole [usan:inn]
dexamisol
d-tetramisole
(+)-tetramisole
unii-umh46v5u01
dextramisole
einecs 238-837-0
dexamisolum
r 12,563 [as hydrochloride]
imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-, (r)-
(r)-(+)-tetramisole
(+)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo(2,1-b)thiazole
imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-, (r)-(+)-
CHEMBL1369896
tetramisole, (r)-
chebi:77282 ,
r 12,563 free base
dexamisole [usan]
dexamisole [inn]
r-12563 free base
SCHEMBL123414
(+)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole
(+)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole
DTXSID30163778
Q27146864
AKOS040746756
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
antidepressantAntidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleAn imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (6)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
NFKB1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.12590.02827.055915.8489AID895; AID928
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.73590.001318.074339.8107AID926
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.52510.00207.533739.8107AID891
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.46681.000012.232631.6228AID1452
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.00130.039816.784239.8107AID995
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency11.05760.00106.000935.4813AID943; AID944
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (1)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (7)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (14.29)18.7374
1990's1 (14.29)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's3 (42.86)24.3611
2020's2 (28.57)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 23.89

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index23.89 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.20 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.45 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index23.28 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (23.89)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other8 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
histamine
[no description available]		1.9610aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
beta-glycerophosphoric acid
beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.		1.9710glycerol monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
tetramisole
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.		3.2860imidazothiazoleenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
thiazoles
[no description available]		1.96101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		3.28606-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		3.0640benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		1.9710ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		07.0710
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.0710
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		07.0710
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		02.0710