Compounds > changrolin
Page last updated: 2024-11-07

changrolin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

changrolin: structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID123775
CHEMBL ID26791
SCHEMBL ID6375754
MeSH IDM0077804

Synonyms (14)

Synonym
72063-47-9
changrolin
4-(3',5'-bis((n-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-4'-hydroxyanilino)quinazoline
phenol, 2,6-bis(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4-(4-quinazolinylamino)-
2,6-bis(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4-(4-quinazolinylamino)phenol
brn 6002123
CHEMBL26791
2,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-4-(quinazolin-4-ylamino)phenol
xcp7avw14b ,
unii-xcp7avw14b
SCHEMBL6375754
DTXSID10222397
Q27293777
2,6-bis[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]-4-[(quinazolin-4-yl)amino]phenol

Research Excerpts

Overview

Changrolin (CRL) is a new antiarrhythmic drug originated in China in 1970s.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Changrolin (CRL) is a new antiarrhythmic drug originated in China in 1970s. "( [Frequency- and voltage-dependent effects of changrolin on maximal upstroke velocity of action potentials in guinea pig papillary muscles].
Pan, H; Shen, WQ; Xu, B; Yu, ZM, 1990)		1.98

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" A pharmacokinetic program was used to fit concentration-time (C-T) data and a combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was used to analyze effect-time (E-T) data in individual dogs."( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of changrolin in dogs with arrhythmia.
Feng, JL; Gu, YB; Liu, CX; Sun, JL; Wei, GL; Xiao, SH, 1996)		0.56

Bioavailability

Changrolin could be well absorbed by oral administration.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Changrolin could be well absorbed by oral administration."( Studies on a new antiarrhythmic drug changrolin-4-(3',5'-bis [(N-pyrrolidinyl) methyl]-4'-hydroxyanilino)-quinazoline.
Ding, GS; Hu, GJ; Li, LQ; Qu, ZX; Wang, ZM; Yang, XY; Zeng, YL, 1979)		1.44
" This validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to a bioavailability study of oral and intravenous administration of changrolin with 20mg/kg dosage in SD rats."( Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of changrolin in rat plasma: application to a bioavailability study.
Li, S; Liu, G; Lu, Y; Wang, Y; Yang, D; Yu, C, 2009)		0.79

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The results indicated that the dosage of CRL and Lid generally used in anti-arrhythmic therapy basically exerted no harm to myocytes."( [Cytotoxic effects of changrolin, lidocaine and amiodarone on ultrastructure of cultured rat beating cardiac myocytes].
Chen, HZ; Chen, WZ; Gong, ZX; Guo, Q; Jin, PY; Pen, BZ; Shen, JY; Yang, XY; Yang, YZ, 1989)		0.59
" This validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to a bioavailability study of oral and intravenous administration of changrolin with 20mg/kg dosage in SD rats."( Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of changrolin in rat plasma: application to a bioavailability study.
Li, S; Liu, G; Lu, Y; Wang, Y; Yang, D; Yu, C, 2009)		0.79
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (6)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID220547Active dose for antiarrhythmic activity in Harris dog.1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Synthesis and antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic properties of substituted phenols. 1. Heteroarylamine derivatives.
AID76706Parasympatholytic activity was assessed from the ability to inhibit electrically stimulated contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum at 4 mg/L of base1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 27, Issue:10
Synthesis and antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic properties of substituted phenols. 2. Amides.
AID151312Antiarrhythmic activity estimated by using the ouabain intoxicated dog model and the active dose of base in ouabain dog was reported.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
Synthesis and antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic properties of substituted phenols. 3. Modifications to the linkage region (region 3).
AID76705Parasympatholytic activity and the % inhibition of guinea pig ileum contractile force at 4 mg/L of base was reported.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
Synthesis and antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic properties of substituted phenols. 3. Modifications to the linkage region (region 3).
AID58609Evaluated for ouabain-induced arrhythmia in anesthetized adult male mongrel dogs. Administered intravenously.1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 27, Issue:10
Synthesis and antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic properties of substituted phenols. 2. Amides.
AID222745Percentage inhibition of field stimulated contraction guinea pig ileum (parasympatholytic activity)in presence of test compound (4 mg/L)1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 26, Issue:6
Synthesis and antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic properties of substituted phenols. 1. Heteroarylamine derivatives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (38)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199026 (68.42)18.7374
1990's9 (23.68)18.2507
2000's1 (2.63)29.6817
2010's2 (5.26)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 10.39

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index10.39 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.66 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.05 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (10.39)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews2 (5.26%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other36 (94.74%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.3720pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		2.37201-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		1.9610aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		2.3720monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		3.7630benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		2.3820aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		1.9610inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.3720benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		1.9610benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		6.5360azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
lorcainide
[no description available]		1.9710acetamides
procainamide hydrochloride
procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.		1.9610hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
4-hydroxy-n-phenyl-3,5-bis(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)benzamide
4-hydroxy-N-phenyl-3,5-bis(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)benzamide: structure given in first source		1.9610
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		2.6630cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		1.9710
aconitine
Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.		1.9710
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.6530
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0510
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		04.4990
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		04.4990
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		01.9610
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.3720
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		02.3720
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		01.9710
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		01.9710