25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol profile

25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol: anti-cancer ginsenoside; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	158501
CHEMBL ID	1669124
MeSH ID	M0522422

Synonym
dammarane-3,12,20,25-tetrol, (3beta,12beta,20r)-
(3s,5r,8r,9r,10r,12r,13r,14r,17s)-17-[(2r)-2,6-dihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol
25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol
CHEMBL1669124
83349-37-5
25(r)-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol
25-oh-ppd
dammarane-3,12,20,25-tetrol
DTXSID601003342
AKOS040760204
FS-6985

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results indicate that this novel anti-cancer ginsenoside has relatively favorable pharmacokinetic properties and provide a basis for further development of this compound as a chemotherapeutic agent."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol, an anti-cancer compound isolated from Panax ginseng, in athymic mice bearing xenografts of human pancreatic tumors. Hao, M; Wang, H; Wang, W; Zhang, R; Zhao, Y, 2011)	0.63

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The absolute oral bioavailability of 25-OH-PPD was relatively high, compared with other ginsenosides."	( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol, an anti-cancer compound isolated from Panax ginseng, in athymic mice bearing xenografts of human pancreatic tumors. Hao, M; Wang, H; Wang, W; Zhang, R; Zhao, Y, 2011)	0.63
"The objective of this study was to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble compound 20(S)-25-methoxydammarane-3β;12β;20-triol (25-OCH3-PPD)."	( Self-microemulsifying drug-delivery system for improved oral bioavailability of 20(S)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-triol: preparation and evaluation. Cai, S; Shi, CH; Suo, H; Tang, X; Yang, L; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2014)	0.4

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The viability of GMC and the total protein content were decreased in HG group, different dosage PPD group could increase these indexes (P<0."	( Inhibitory effects and mechanism of 25-OH-PPD on glomerular mesangial cell proliferation induced by high glucose. Li, Z; Liu, C; Liu, X; Wang, Z; Yu, J; Zhang, C, 2016)	0.43

Bioassays (41)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID675020	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 55	Semi-synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives.
AID1582255	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID1582257	Cytotoxicity against human IOSE-144 cells incubated for 48 hrs and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID675021	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 55	Semi-synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives.
AID1571184	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of ginsengdiol oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives.
AID675023	Antiproliferative activity against human IOSE-144 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 55	Semi-synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives.
AID1436621	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Sulfamic and succinic acid derivatives of 25-OH-PPD and their activities to MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and BGC-823 cell lines.
AID1571181	Cytotoxicity against human U87 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of ginsengdiol oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives.
AID1436619	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Sulfamic and succinic acid derivatives of 25-OH-PPD and their activities to MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and BGC-823 cell lines.
AID1172947	Antiproliferative activity against human U87 cells assessed as cell-growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives incorporating chloroacetyl chloride and their anti-tumor evaluation.
AID1571185	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of ginsengdiol oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives.
AID1172946	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell-growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives incorporating chloroacetyl chloride and their anti-tumor evaluation.
AID1582268	Induction of apoptosis in human A549 cells assessed as nuclear condensation at 10 to 20 uM measured after 12 hrs by DAPI staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID1436618	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Sulfamic and succinic acid derivatives of 25-OH-PPD and their activities to MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and BGC-823 cell lines.
AID1436624	Antiproliferative activity against human BGC823 cells assessed as cell viability at 40 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Sulfamic and succinic acid derivatives of 25-OH-PPD and their activities to MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and BGC-823 cell lines.
AID1571186	Cytotoxicity against human IOSE-144 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of ginsengdiol oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives.
AID568819	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Novel dammarane-type sapogenins from Panax ginseng berry and their biological activities.
AID1436620	Antiproliferative activity against human BGC823 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Sulfamic and succinic acid derivatives of 25-OH-PPD and their activities to MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and BGC-823 cell lines.
AID1582252	Antiproliferative activity against human MGC803 cells incubated for 48 hrs and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID1337332	Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives by methylation and methoxycarbonylation using dimethyl carbonate as a environment-friendly reagent and their anti-tumor evaluation.
AID568823	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Novel dammarane-type sapogenins from Panax ginseng berry and their biological activities.
AID1436622	Antiproliferative activity against human IOSE-144 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Sulfamic and succinic acid derivatives of 25-OH-PPD and their activities to MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and BGC-823 cell lines.
AID675022	Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 55	Semi-synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives.
AID1571183	Cytotoxicity against human 8901 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of ginsengdiol oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives.
AID568822	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Novel dammarane-type sapogenins from Panax ginseng berry and their biological activities.
AID568818	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Novel dammarane-type sapogenins from Panax ginseng berry and their biological activities.
AID1582267	Induction of apoptosis in human A549 cells assessed as appearance of fragmented apoptotic bodies at 10 to 20 uM measured after 12 hrs by DAPI staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID675024	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability at 30 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 55	Semi-synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives.
AID1582253	Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells incubated for 48 hrs and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID1337331	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives by methylation and methoxycarbonylation using dimethyl carbonate as a environment-friendly reagent and their anti-tumor evaluation.
AID1337333	Cytotoxicity against human IOSE-144 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 26, Issue:19	Synthesis of novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives by methylation and methoxycarbonylation using dimethyl carbonate as a environment-friendly reagent and their anti-tumor evaluation.
AID568821	Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Novel dammarane-type sapogenins from Panax ginseng berry and their biological activities.
AID1172945	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell-growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives incorporating chloroacetyl chloride and their anti-tumor evaluation.
AID1172944	Antiproliferative activity against human BGC823 cells assessed as cell-growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives incorporating chloroacetyl chloride and their anti-tumor evaluation.
AID1436623	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability at 20 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4	Sulfamic and succinic acid derivatives of 25-OH-PPD and their activities to MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and BGC-823 cell lines.
AID1571182	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2018	MedChemComm, Nov-01, Volume: 9, Issue:11	Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of ginsengdiol oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives.
AID1582269	Induction of apoptosis in human A549 cells assessed as nuclear shrinkage at 10 to 20 uM measured after 12 hrs by DAPI staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID1582254	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells incubated for 48 hrs and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID1172949	Antiproliferative activity against human LoVo cells assessed as cell-growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives incorporating chloroacetyl chloride and their anti-tumor evaluation.
AID1582256	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells incubated for 48 hrs and measured after 4 hrs by MTT assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Synthesis and anti-cancer activity studies of dammarane-type triterpenoid derivatives.
AID1172948	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell-growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Novel 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol derivatives incorporating chloroacetyl chloride and their anti-tumor evaluation.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	2 (9.52)	29.6817
2010's	15 (71.43)	24.3611
2020's	4 (19.05)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	21 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.15	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.22	5	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	2.15	1	sulfamic acids
chloroacetyl chloride [no description available]	7.1	1	acyl halide
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.13	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
methyl carbonate methyl carbonate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. dimethyl carbonate : A carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A flammable, colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4degreeC, b.p. 90degreeC) with a characterstic ester-like odour, it is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent.	7.13	1	carbonate ester	reagent; solvent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.1	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
panaxadiol panaxadiol: a protopanaxadiol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis; RN refers to (3 beta,12 beta,20R)-isomer	2.17	1	triterpenoid saponin
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.31	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.31	1	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	4.36	18
protopanaxadiol, (3beta,12beta)-isomer (20S)-protopanaxadiol : A diastereomer of protopanaxadiol in which the 20-hydroxy substituent has been introduced at the pro-S position.	2.06	1	protopanaxadiol
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	2.52	2
25-methoxydammarane-3,12,20-triol 25-methoxydammarane-3,12,20-triol: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from Panax notoginseng; structure in first source	2.05	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.1	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.1	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.58	2
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.58	2
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.31	1
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.31	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.31	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.31	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.31	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.31	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.31	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.1	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.1	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.1	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.1	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.1	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.1	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.1	1
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.13	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.46	2
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.46	2
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.04	1
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.04	1

25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (11)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (41)

Research

Studies (21)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.50

Study Types

25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (11)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (41)

Research

Studies (21)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.50

Study Types

Related Drugs (14)

Related Conditions (23)