18-hydroxycortisol profile

## 18-Hydroxycortisol: A Key Player in Cortisol Metabolism and Research

18-Hydroxycortisol is a **steroid hormone** that's a **metabolite of cortisol**, the primary stress hormone in humans. It's formed in the adrenal glands by the enzyme **18-hydroxylase (CYP11B2)**.

**Why is it important for research?**

**1. Indicator of Adrenal Function:**

* Increased levels of 18-hydroxycortisol can be a sign of **adrenal insufficiency**, where the adrenal glands aren't producing enough cortisol.
* It can also point to **adrenal hyperplasia**, a condition where the adrenal glands are enlarged, potentially leading to excess cortisol production.

**2. Potential Role in Cortisol Activity:**

* 18-Hydroxycortisol itself may have **biological activity**, although it's not as well understood as cortisol.
* Research explores its potential role in **inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and even cancer development**.

**3. Target for Drug Development:**

* Understanding the metabolism of cortisol and its byproducts like 18-hydroxycortisol could lead to **new therapeutic targets for diseases** related to adrenal function and cortisol activity.

**4. Tool for Studying Cortisol Metabolism:**

* Measuring 18-hydroxycortisol levels can help researchers understand the **regulation of cortisol metabolism** and identify potential problems in this process.

**5. Applications in Forensic Science:**

* 18-hydroxycortisol levels are sometimes used in **forensic toxicology** to detect **adrenal steroid abuse**, as it's a common metabolite of several synthetic steroids.

**In summary, 18-hydroxycortisol is a crucial molecule in the field of cortisol research, providing insights into adrenal function, potential biological activity, and potential targets for drug development.**

18-hydroxycortisol: from urine of patients with primary aldosteronism [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

18-hydroxycortisol : A 18-hydroxy steroid that is cortisol carrying a hydroxy group at position 18. Its urinary excretion is increased in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	44263343
CHEBI ID	89455
SCHEMBL ID	9017620
MeSH ID	M0104416

Synonym
18-hydroxycortisol
LMST02030193
SCHEMBL9017620
CHEBI:89455
HESFZGWRDUVOMS-FJNAKSJRSA-N
11,17,18,21-tetrahydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
Q27161652

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	15 (25.42)	18.7374
1990's	22 (37.29)	18.2507
2000's	10 (16.95)	29.6817
2010's	8 (13.56)	24.3611
2020's	4 (6.78)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (3.28%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (9.84%)	6.00%
Case Studies	4 (6.56%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	49 (80.33%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	1.96	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	1.98	1	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
corticosterone [no description available]	2.37	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	1.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	7.16	28	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tetrahydrocortisol [no description available]	2.4	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
tetrahydrocortisone [no description available]	2.4	2	0	21-hydroxy steroid
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.39	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
18-hydroxycorticosterone [no description available]	10.25	6	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	1.98	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
silver iodide silver iodide: RN given refers to silver iodide [1:1]	1.98	1	0
iodine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
allotetrahydrocortisol allotetrahydrocortisol: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha,11beta)-isomer	2.03	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
aldosterone 18-glucuronide [no description available]	1.97	1	0	steroid glucosiduronic acid
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.89	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	7.68	3	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	2.69	3	0	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nadp [no description available]	1.98	1	0
19-nordeoxycorticosterone 19-nordeoxycorticosterone: isolated from urine of castrated rats with regenerating adrenals	1.97	1	0
6 beta-hydroxycortisol 6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.	9.54	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; probe
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	3.7	1	1
18-oxocortisol 18-oxocortisol: biosynthesized by aldosterone-producing adrenal tissue; structure given in first source. 18-oxocortisol : A steroid aldehyde that is cortisol carrying a formyl group at position 18.	9.62	30	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Aldosteronism [description not available]	9.9	35	2
Hyperaldosteronism A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.	9.9	35	2
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.55	9	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	9.55	9	0
Adenoma, Adrenal Cortical [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	2.43	2	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	5.71	12	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	5.71	12	0
Hypertension, Essential [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	3.86	4	0
Essential Hypertension Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500	2.08	1	0
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.	2.02	1	0
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	8.33	2	0
Ectopic ACTH Syndrome [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	3.35	2	0
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic Symptom complex due to ACTH production by non-pituitary neoplasms.	2.94	1	0
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.	2.94	1	0
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	3.33	2	0
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.94	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Familial Hyperpotassemia and Hypertension [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pseudohypoaldosteronism A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by renal electrolyte transport dysfunctions. Congenital forms are rare autosomal disorders characterized by neonatal hypertension, HYPERKALEMIA, increased RENIN activity and ALDOSTERONE concentration. The Type I features HYPERKALEMIA with sodium wasting; Type II, HYPERKALEMIA without sodium wasting. Pseudohypoaldosteronism can be the result of a defective renal electrolyte transport protein or acquired after KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	1.98	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	6.98	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	3.31	2	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.01	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.89	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.89	1	0

18-hydroxycortisol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (7)

Research

Studies (59)

Study Types