Page last updated: 2024-12-06

16-bromoepiandrosterone

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

16-bromoepiandrosterone (16-BEA) is a synthetic derivative of the naturally occurring steroid hormone **epiandrosterone**. It's not naturally occurring and is primarily used as a research tool.

**Here's what makes it important for research:**

* **Selective Androgen Receptor (AR) Modulator:** 16-BEA acts as a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM). This means it preferentially binds to and activates the androgen receptor (AR) in specific tissues, like muscle, while having less activity in others, like the prostate. This selectivity is a major advantage for research exploring potential applications of SARMs in areas like:
* **Muscle growth and strength:** SARMs hold potential for building muscle mass and strength without the negative side effects associated with traditional anabolic steroids.
* **Treating muscle wasting conditions:** 16-BEA may be investigated for its potential to counteract muscle loss in conditions like cancer or aging.
* **Potential for Therapeutic Applications:** Due to its specific AR modulation, 16-BEA is being investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in:
* **Osteoporosis:** SARMs like 16-BEA may stimulate bone formation and prevent bone loss.
* **Cognitive function:** Some research suggests SARMs might improve cognitive function in conditions like Alzheimer's disease.
* **Cardiovascular disease:** SARMs have been shown to improve some cardiovascular parameters in animal studies.

**However, important considerations and caveats exist:**

* **Early stage of research:** While promising, 16-BEA's therapeutic potential is still under investigation and not yet proven in humans. More research is needed to understand its safety and efficacy.
* **Potential side effects:** Like all drugs, 16-BEA may have potential side effects. Research needs to determine its long-term effects and ensure safety.
* **Regulation and availability:** 16-BEA is not readily available for public use and is primarily used in controlled research settings.

**In summary:**

16-BEA is a valuable tool in research investigating the therapeutic potential of SARMs. Its specific AR modulation offers advantages for studying muscle growth, bone health, and potential treatment of various conditions. However, more research is necessary to understand its full potential and ensure its safe and effective use.

16alpha-bromo-3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one: a synthetic adrenal hormone that reduced the incidence of tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections in AIDS patients [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

16-bromoepiandrosterone: DHEA analog that is 60x as potent as DHEA against G6PDH [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID71613
CHEMBL ID445472
SCHEMBL ID425458
MeSH IDM0100201
PubMed CID4564400
MeSH IDM0100201

Synonyms (32)

Synonym
.alpha.-epibromide
inactivin
he 2000
he2000
epi-br
28507-02-0
16-.alpha.-bromo-3-.beta.-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one
16.alpha.-bromoepiandrosterone
(3s,5s,8r,9s,10s,13s,14s,16r)-16-bromo-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one
ppb2
he-2000 ,
CHEMBL445472 ,
bdbm50388517
unii-9735ka370s
16alpha-bromo-3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17-one
5alpha-androstan-17-one, 16alpha-bromo-3beta-hydroxy-
16alpha-bromoepiandrosterone
alpha-epi-br
9735ka370s ,
epiandrosterone, 16-bromo
3beta-hydroxy-16alpha-bromo-5alpha-androstan-17-one
androstan-17-one, 16-bromo-3-hydroxy-, (3beta,5alpha,16alpha)-
16-br-epi
DB05107
SCHEMBL425458
16.alpha.-bromo-3.beta.-hydroxy-5.alpha.-androstan-17-one
5.alpha.-androstan-17-one, 16.alpha.-bromo-3.beta.-hydroxy-
Q27095570
(3s,5s,8r,9s,10s,13s,14s,16r)-16-bromo-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-17h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one
DTXSID60865430
AKOS040752001
16-bromoepiandrosterone

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The drug was well tolerated and safe and reduced both the incidence of tuberculosis coinfection by 42."( Safety and activity of the immune modulator HE2000 on the incidence of tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.
Destiche, DA; Frincke, JM; Garsd, A; Noveljic, Z; Stickney, DR, 2007
)
0.34
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)20.80005.18007.32009.4000AID672987
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (23)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
pentose-phosphate shuntGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
NADP metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
NADPH regenerationGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
glutathione metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branchGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron(III) ionGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein glutathionylationGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
pentose biosynthetic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
substantia nigra developmentGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to foodGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stressGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte maturationGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuron apoptotic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
ribose phosphate biosynthetic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
glucose 6-phosphate metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell developmentGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channelGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic processGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activityGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
glucose bindingGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
NADP bindingGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (7)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytoplasmGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic side of plasma membraneGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
centriolar satelliteGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenaseHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (15)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1669165Cytotoxicity against rat H9c2 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33342 staining based fluorescence microscopy2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Development of Selective Steroid Inhibitors for the Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase from
AID1669166Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for cytotoxicity against rat H9C2 cells to EC50 for antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi Y amastigotes infected in rat H9C2 cells2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Development of Selective Steroid Inhibitors for the Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase from
AID1669164Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi Y amastigotes infected in rat H9C2 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33342 staining based fluorescence microscopy2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Development of Selective Steroid Inhibitors for the Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase from
AID405411Reduction in cumulative incidence of opportunistic infections in AIDS patient at 100 mg administered intramuscularly once daily for 5 days2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Safety and activity of the immune modulator HE2000 on the incidence of tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.
AID672987Inhibition of human recombinant N-terminal His tagged G6PD expressed in Escherichia coli JM109 (DE3) cells assessed as production of NADPH after 30 mins by Amplite fluorimetric assay2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 55, Issue:9
Novel steroid inhibitors of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AID1669163Cytotoxicity against rat H9c2 cells at 20 uM after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33342 staining based fluorescence microscopy2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Development of Selective Steroid Inhibitors for the Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase from
AID1669162Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi Y amastigotes infected in rat H9C2 cells assessed as reduction in parasite infection at 20 uM after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33342 staining based fluorescence microscopy2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Development of Selective Steroid Inhibitors for the Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase from
AID405410Reduction in incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection in AIDS patient at 100 mg administered intramuscularly once daily for 5 days measured 140 days postdose2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Safety and activity of the immune modulator HE2000 on the incidence of tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.
AID1866580Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi G6PD2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
Boosting the Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase for the Treatment of Cancer, Infectious Diseases, and Inflammation.
AID491447Inhibition of His-tagged Trypanosoma cruzi G6PDH expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by spectrophotometry2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 18, Issue:13
16-bromoepiandrosterone, an activator of the mammalian immune system, inhibits glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi and is toxic to these parasites grown in culture.
AID405409Reduction in incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection in AIDS patient at 100 mg administered intramuscularly once daily for 5 days2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Safety and activity of the immune modulator HE2000 on the incidence of tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.
AID491448Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi Y epimastigotes assessed as viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 18, Issue:13
16-bromoepiandrosterone, an activator of the mammalian immune system, inhibits glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi and is toxic to these parasites grown in culture.
AID1440861Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi SUMO-tagged glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using glucose-6-phosphate as substrate by diaphorase enzyme coupled fluorescence assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 25, Issue:5
Carbonic anhydrases from Trypanosoma and Leishmania as anti-protozoan drug targets.
AID1866583Trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi assessed as lethal dose2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6
Boosting the Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase for the Treatment of Cancer, Infectious Diseases, and Inflammation.
AID1669170Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human G6PDH to IC50 for Trypanosoma cruzi G6PDH2020ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-11, Volume: 11, Issue:6
Development of Selective Steroid Inhibitors for the Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase from
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (18)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19903 (16.67)18.7374
1990's1 (5.56)18.2507
2000's7 (38.89)29.6817
2010's5 (27.78)24.3611
2020's2 (11.11)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.42

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.42 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.20 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.62 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.42)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (14.29%)5.53%
Trials2 (15.38%)5.53%
Reviews2 (28.57%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other4 (57.14%)84.16%
Other11 (84.62%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]