15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid, (s)-(e,z,z,z)-isomer

Description

## 15-Hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (s)-(e,z,z,z)-isomer: A Key Player in Inflammation and Beyond

**15-Hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE)** is a crucial lipid mediator that plays a significant role in various biological processes, especially **inflammation**, making it a cornerstone for researchers in various fields. Let's break down the compound and its significance:

**What it is:**

* **15-HPETE:** A fatty acid derivative of arachidonic acid.
* **Hydroperoxy:** Contains a peroxide group (-OOH) at the 15th carbon.
* **(s)-(e,z,z,z)-isomer:** This specific isomer refers to the configuration of the double bonds and the chiral center.
* **(s):** The chiral center at carbon 15 has a specific stereochemical configuration.
* **(e,z,z,z):** Refers to the configuration of the double bonds, with 'e' denoting a trans (opposite) configuration and 'z' denoting a cis (same) configuration.

**Why it is important:**

**1. Inflammation:** 15-HPETE is a key intermediate in the **arachidonic acid cascade**, a complex signaling pathway leading to the production of various inflammatory mediators like **leukotrienes**, **prostaglandins**, and **thromboxanes**. These mediators are involved in diverse inflammatory responses, from pain and swelling to immune cell recruitment. Understanding the role of 15-HPETE in this pathway is critical for developing **anti-inflammatory drugs**.

**2. Vascular Biology:** 15-HPETE contributes to **vasoconstriction**, narrowing blood vessels. This effect can impact blood pressure and potentially contribute to cardiovascular disease.

**3. Cancer:** 15-HPETE has been implicated in **cancer cell proliferation** and **angiogenesis**, the formation of new blood vessels that supply tumors. Research aims to uncover the specific mechanisms of 15-HPETE's involvement in cancer development and explore its potential as a **therapeutic target**.

**4. Nervous System:** 15-HPETE plays a role in **neurotransmission** and **neuroprotection**. Some studies suggest it can modulate neuronal activity and influence the central nervous system.

**5. Other research areas:** 15-HPETE is also being investigated for its roles in:
* **Immune system regulation:** modulating immune cell responses.
* **Wound healing:** impacting the healing process.
* **Asthma:** contributing to airway inflammation.

**Research focus:**

Scientists are actively investigating:

* **Metabolic pathways:** How 15-HPETE is synthesized and metabolized.
* **Cellular signaling:** How 15-HPETE interacts with specific receptors and triggers downstream signaling events.
* **Therapeutic potential:** Exploring 15-HPETE as a target for drug development.

**In summary:** 15-HPETE (s)-(e,z,z,z)-isomer is a crucial lipid mediator with diverse biological functions, particularly in inflammation. Its role in various physiological processes makes it a significant target for research in areas like medicine, biology, and pharmacology, offering potential avenues for developing new therapies and improving our understanding of human health.

HPETE : Mono-hydroperoxy (e)icosatetraenoic acids (HPETEs) are the primary products of lipoxygenase-catalysed oxygenation of arachidonic acid. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

15(S)-HPETE : The (S)-enantiomer of 15-HPETE. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]