11-glutathionylhepoxilin a3 profile

11-glutathionylhepoxilin A3 (11-GHS-Hx A3) is a bioactive lipid mediator, specifically a **glutathionylated derivative of hepoxilin A3**. It plays a crucial role in inflammation and immune responses, making it a significant target for research.

**Here's a breakdown of its key features and research importance:**

**What it is:**

* **Hepoxilin A3 (Hx A3):** This is a naturally occurring lipid mediator produced by the enzyme 12/15-lipoxygenase. It's involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation, wound healing, and vascular tone regulation.
* **Glutathionylation:** This is a post-translational modification where the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is attached to a protein or other molecule. This modification can alter the activity and stability of the target molecule.
* **11-GHS-Hx A3:** This is the specific form of hepoxilin A3 where glutathione is attached at the 11th carbon position. This modification changes its biological activity and signaling properties.

**Why it's important for research:**

* **Inflammation:** 11-GHS-Hx A3 has been shown to have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, depending on the context. Its role in modulating inflammation makes it a promising target for studying and potentially treating inflammatory diseases.
* **Immune Response:** This molecule is implicated in immune regulation, potentially influencing the activity of immune cells like macrophages and lymphocytes. Understanding its role could lead to new strategies for modulating immune responses in diseases like autoimmune disorders.
* **Cellular Signaling:** 11-GHS-Hx A3 activates specific receptors on cells, leading to downstream signaling pathways. Studying these pathways provides insights into the mechanisms by which this molecule exerts its effects.
* **Disease Models:** Research using animal models has shown that 11-GHS-Hx A3 plays a role in various diseases, including arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This makes it a potentially valuable target for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
* **Drug Discovery:** The unique structure and activity of 11-GHS-Hx A3 make it a potential target for drug discovery. Researchers are exploring its therapeutic potential in various disease contexts.

**Overall, 11-glutathionylhepoxilin A3 is a complex and multifaceted molecule with significant implications for understanding and treating a wide range of diseases. Further research is essential to fully elucidate its precise roles in inflammation, immunity, and cellular signaling.**

11-glutathionylhepoxilin A3: structure in first source; RN refers to 8(R)-isomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6449940
MeSH ID	M0169670

Synonym
11-glutathionyl hxa3
11-glutathionyl hepoxilin a3
8,12-dihydroxy-11-glutathionyleicosa-5,9,14-trienoic acid
11-glutathionylhepoxilin a3
glycine, n-(s-(10-carboxy-4-hydroxy-1-(1-hydroxy-3-nonenyl)-2,6-decadienyl)-n-l-lambda-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl)-, (1s-(1r,1(1r,3z),2e,4s*,6z))-
hxa3-c
127128-05-6
hepoxillin a3
(5e,9e,14e)-11-[(2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-(carboxymethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]sulfanyl-8,12-dihydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoic acid

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (7.69)	18.7374
1990's	7 (53.85)	18.2507
2000's	5 (38.46)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (7.69%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	12 (92.31%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2	1	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2	1	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2	1	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
bradykinin [no description available]	2	1	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.68	3	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2	1	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	5.04	13	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
arachidonic acid omega-9 hydroperoxide 12-HPETE: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; 12-HPETE may be used inconsistently in literature as synonym for cpds with various tetraene-locants; caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries. 12(S)-HPETE : The (S)-enantiomer of 12-HPETE.	2.4	2	HPETE	mouse metabolite
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	2	1
8-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosa-5,9,14-trienoic acid hepoxilin : Mono-hydroxy epoxy icosatrienoic acids which are generated along the 12-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.38	2
10-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosa-5,8,14-trienoic acid 10-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosa-5,8,14-trienoic acid: structure in 2nd source	4.01	4
8,11,12-trihydroxy-5,9,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,12-trihydroxy-5,9,14-eicosatrienoic acid: structure	1.97	1
5,6-dihydroprostacyclin 5,6-dihydroprostacyclin: RN given refers to (6S,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-isomer	2	1
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	1.97	1	benzoxazole

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	2.01	1
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	2.01	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2	1
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	1.97	1

11-glutathionylhepoxilin a3

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (9)

Research

Studies (13)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.68

Study Types