1,(n2)-ethenoguanine

Description

You're likely referring to **1-(N2-ethenoguanine)**, also known as **ε-guanine** or **ethenoguanine**.

Here's a breakdown:

**What it is:**

* **Structure:** 1-(N2-ethenoguanine) is a modified guanine base, a component of DNA and RNA. It's formed by the addition of an ethano bridge between the N2 and C8 positions of guanine.
* **Formation:** This modification arises due to exposure to various environmental mutagens, including vinyl chloride, acetaldehyde, and other reactive aldehydes.

**Importance in Research:**

1. **Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis:**
* 1-(N2-ethenoguanine) is a **mutagenic lesion**, meaning it can cause changes in DNA sequence. It can lead to G:C to A:T transitions, which are associated with various cancers.
* This modification is found in both human and animal tissues and is linked to various types of cancers, including liver, bladder, lung, and colon cancer.

2. **Biomarker of Exposure:**
* The presence of 1-(N2-ethenoguanine) in DNA can be used as a **biomarker** to detect exposure to environmental mutagens. This helps researchers study the link between exposure and disease risk.

3. **DNA Repair Mechanisms:**
* Understanding how cells repair 1-(N2-ethenoguanine) lesions is crucial for developing strategies to prevent cancer. Researchers are investigating DNA repair pathways involved in removing this modification.

4. **Drug Development:**
* The study of 1-(N2-ethenoguanine) can contribute to the development of new drugs that target the formation of this lesion or enhance its repair mechanisms.

**Overall:**

1-(N2-ethenoguanine) is a significant area of research due to its role in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and the development of cancer prevention strategies. It's a key player in understanding the impact of environmental mutagens on human health.

1,(N2)-ethenoguanine: formed from 2-halooxiranes; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

1,N(2)-ethenoguanine : A nucleobase analogue obtained by addition of an etheno group across positions 1 and N2 of guanine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]